FRANK DETJE
ÜBER DIE KUNST, METAPHERN ZU MISCHEN
Appendix 2: Kommentar zur Literatur bezüglich Pieter Bruegel aus Wolfgang
Mieders "Annotated Bibliography"
Literaturnachweis
Wolfgang Mieder: International Proverb Scholarship. An Annotated Bibliography.
New York & London: Garland, 1982, 1990 (Supplement 1), 1993 (Supplement
2).
Die Nummern in Klammern nach dem Zitat (z.B. "no. 81") entsprechen der
Numerierung Mieders in o.g. Literatur.
Adriaan J. Barnouw: The Fantasy of Pieter Brueghel.
New York: Lear Publishers, 1947.
(Especially pp. 12, 14, 20, 40, 42, 50, 52, 64 and 78-101)
The author includes many references to Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569)
proverb illustrations. He studies in particular the proverb picture Big fish
eat little fish (1557), and he also includes a short analysis of Brueghel's
Twelve Round Proverb Pictures (1558). Barnouw shows Brueghel's indebtedness
to folk motifs, folk speech and especially Dutch proverbs and proverbial
expressions. With 20 illustrations. (no. 91)
René van Bastalaer: Les Estampes de
Peter Bruegel l'Ancien. Bruxelles: Librairie Nationale d'Art et d'Histoire,
1908, 55-58.
Very short description of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) Twelve Round
Proverb Pictures (1558), but with good black and white reproductions of all
of them. Bastelaer lists French and Dutch versions of the illustrated proverbs.
With 12 illustrations. (no. 108)
René van Bastalaer: Le paysage de 'La
Parabole des Aveugles' de Pierre Bruegel. In: Paul Bergmans (Hrsg.):
Mélanges Hulin de Loo. Bruxelles: Librairie Nationale d'Art et d'Histoire,
1931, 321-325.
Discusses the depiction of the countryside in Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569)
oil painting of the Biblical proverb The blind leading the blind (1568).
There is no illustration included. (no. 109)
René van Bastalaer and George H. de Coo: Peter Bruegel l'Ancien. Son oeuvre et son temps. Bruxelles:
Librairie Nationale d'Art et d'Histoire, 1907.
The authors include short commentaries on some of Pieter Brueghel's (c.
1520-1569) proverb pictures. Of particular interest are the discussions of
the proverb illustrations of Big fish eat little fish (1557), the Twelve
Round Proverb Pictures (1558), The blind leading the blind (1568) and The
Bird-Nester (1568), which is an illustration of the Dutch proverb "Dije den
nest weet dije weeten, Dijen rooft, dije heeten" (The one who knows the nest
knows it, the one who robs it has ist). With 3 illustrations. (no. 110)
Gustav Bebermeyer: Sprichwort. In: Klaus Kanzog
& Achim Masser (Hrsg.): Reallexikon der deutschen Literaturgeschichte.
Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1979, IV, 132-151.
... dealing with illustrations (...Pieter Brueghel, etc.)... (no.
122)
Johannes Bolte: "Nachschrift" (pp. 299-305)
zum Artikel von
Franz Weinitz: Die "Niederländischen Sprichwörter" des Pieter Bruegel
des Älteren im Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum zu Berlin.
Identification of 73 Durch proverbial expressions with German parallels
(or translations) in Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) oil picture Netherlandic
Proverbs (1559). Bolte also refers to broad-sheets with proverbial expressions
and analyzes a French proverb print from 1570 that contains illustrations
of 71 proverbs or proverbial expressions. See also Franz Weinitz (no. 2041). (no. 184)
Wilhelm Gustav Borchardt: Die
sprichwörtlichen Redensarten im deutschen Volksmund. Nach Sinn und Ursprung
erläutert. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1888. 2nd-5th edition (1894ff) by Goerge
Wustmann, 6th edition (1925) by Georg Schoppe, 7th edition (1955) by Alfred
Schirmer.
...A bibliography [...] and 35 illustrations (...Pieter Brueghel...) are
included. (no. 193)
Kjell Boström: Das Sprichwort vom Vogelnest.
Konsthistorik Tidskrift, 18 (1949), 77-89.
Detailed analysis of Pieter Brueghel`s [...] oil painting The Bird Nest
[...]. (no. 195)
Rolf Wilhelm Brednich: Die
holländisch-flämischen Sprichwortbilderbogen vom Typus 'De Blauwe
Huyck'. In: W. van Nespen (Hrsg.): Miscellanea. Prof. Em. Dr. K.C. Peeters.
Antwerpen: C. Govaert, 1975, 120-131.
Excellent survey of broadsheets illustrating proverbial expressions from
the 16th to the 18th century. Discussion of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569)
famous oil picture Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) and broadsheets of multiple
proverb scenes of the type of "De Blauwe Huyck" or "De verkeerde wereld",
i.e. the "World-upside-down". Brednich includes two comparative tables of
the Dutch proverbial expressions illustrated in the various prints and also
provides a detailed analysis of the proverb print (1558) by Franz Hogenberg
(1538-1590). The 22 footnotes contain important bibliographical references.
With 5 illustrations. (no. 202)
G.P.C. van Breugel: Gedenkschrift wegens een
schilderij van spreekworden door Pieter Brueghel Jr. (de boertige in 1623).
Nagelaten door Mr. Joh. Enschede in 1867. En door de erven aan de stad Haarlem
ten geschenke gegeven. Haarlem: G. van den Berg, 1876.
A commemorative study of the 1623 copy by Pieter Brueghel the Younger
(1564-1637/38) of the Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) picture by his father
Pieter Brueghel (c. 1520-1569). The author analyzes 83 of the Dutch proverbial
expressions and explains their meaning by providing etymological and cultural
annotations. The picture is located in the museum in Haarlem, Holland. With
1 illustration. (no. 207)
Jozef de Coo: Twaalf spreuken op borden van
Pieter Bruegel de Oude. Bulletin des Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts,
no volume given (1965), 83-104.
Excellent discussion of Pieter Brueghel's [...] Twelve Round Proverb
Pictures.... (no. 299)
A. Cornette: De Spreekworden van Brueghel.
Kunst der Nederlanden, 1 (1930-1931), 121-126.
Important comparative study of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) famous
Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) picture and two copies made by his son Pieter
Brueghel the Younger (1564-1637/38). Cornette carefully explains the small
differences among the three pictures which are located in Berlin (the original),
Antwerpen and Haarlem. With 3 illustrations. (no. 305)
Marcel Deruelle: Een Gents Gevelteken.
Oostvlaamsche Zanten, 33 (1958), 8-12.
Interesting study of a façade design in Ghent (Belgium) depicted
the motif of the "verkeerde wereld" [...] With 2 illustrations and comparative
notes to Pieter Brueghel [...]. (no. 355)
William Elton: Addendum: 'Lest Men, Like Fishes'.
Traditio, 18 (1962), 421-422.
Discusses [...] "Big fish eat little fish" and also comments on its
illustrations by [...] Pieter Brueghel [...]. (no. 407)
R. Foncke: Spreekworden en volkse zegswijzen
over schoonheid, kinst en kunstenaar. Volkskunde, 64 (1963), 70-80.
Discusses various Dutch proverbs [...] in particular also some of the
proverbial names given to Pieter Brueghel [...] and his son [...]. (no.
449)
Timothy Foote: The World of Bruegel, c.1525-1569.
New York: Time-Life Books, 1968, 141-159.
Good introduction to proverb illustrations by Pieter Brueghel (c. 1520-1569).
A number of individual pictures are discussed, notably The Blind Leading
the Blind (1568) and Big Fish Eat Little Fish (1557). There is also a splendid
interpretation of the famous picture Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) analyzing
various proverbial scenes and also explaining the entire message of the picture.
With 13 illustrations. (no. 450)
Wilhelm Fraenger: "Der Bauern-Bruegel und das
deutsche Sprichwort". Erlenbach-Zürich u.a.: Eugen Rentsch, 1923.
Important book on the proverb illustrations by Pieter Brueghel (c.
1520-1569). The first chapter treats the proverb mania of the 16th century
comparing the literary overuse of proverbs by the French writer Francois
Rabelais (1494-1553) with that of Brueghel's proverb art. This is followed
by a detailed analysis of Brueghel's Twelve Round Proverb Pictures from the
year 1558, but of greatest significance is Fraenger's discussion of 91 proverbial
expressions being depicted in Brueghel's famous oil painting The Netherlandic
Proverbs (1559). Each expression is cited in Dutch with German translations
and Fraenger includes many cultural and art-historical explanations. He also
refers to literary works of the time in which the expressions are used as
well. Of lesser value is the German proverb collection (pp. 47-118) which
Fraenger includes in his book and which is merely copied at random from Karl
Friedrich Wilhelm Wander's (1803-1879) large Deutsches Sprichwörterlexikon
(Leipzig, 1867-1880; rpt. Darmstadt, 1964). With 49 illustrations. (no.
460)
Max J. Friedländer: "Ein neues Bild von
Peter Bruegel". In: Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst (Neue Folge, 25 (1),
1914). Leipzig: E.A. Seemann; 49. Jhg, 1913/1914, S.9-12.
Short treatment of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) famous Netherlandic
Proverbs (1559) picture. Friedländer also mentions one of the copies
by Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1564-1637/38) which is located in Antwerpen.
He then describes the original and analyzes a few of the proverb scenes.
With 4 illustrations. (no. 479)
Gustav Glück: Bruegels Gemälde. Wien:
Anton Schroll, 1932, 1951 (5. Auflage). 48-54, 84-85 und 114-115.
Discussion of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1502-1569) famous Netherlandic Proverbs
(1559) picture with 92 identifications of proverbial expressions in Dutch
and German. There is also a short analysis of Brueghel's Twelve Round Proverb
Pictures from 1558 and of the oil picture of the Bird's Nest (1568) depicting
the Dutch proverb "Dije den nest weet, dije weeten; dijen rooft, dije heeten"
(He who knows the nest has knowledge, he who robs it possesses it.) (no.
537)
Gustav Glück: Peter Brueghel the Elder.
New York: G. Braziller, 1936. 6th edition 1952, S. 36-38 und 47.
Short discussion of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1502-1569) oil picture Netherlandic
Proverbs (1559) with 92 English and Dutch identifications of proverbial
expressions. Reference is also made to the picture of the Bird's Nest (1568)
illustrating the Dutch proverb "Dije den nest weet, dije weeten; dijen rooft,
dije heeten" (He who knows the nest has knowledge, he who robs it possesses
it.) (no. 538)
Jan Grauls: Een nog niet verklaard vlaamsch
spreekwoord van Pieter Bruegel. Onze Taaltuin, 3, (1934-1935), 111-123.
Grauls mentions seven copies of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) famous
Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) painting and then identifies in them an addional
hitherto unrecognized Dutch proverbial expression, namely "Den blok sleepen"
(To drag the block). A detailed study of this expression in Dutch literary
texts is provided and so are 5 illustrations. (no. 578)
Jan Grauls: Uit de vlaamsche spreekwoorden
van Pieter Bruegel. Nog wat over den 'bloksleeper' en 'de blok sleepen'.
Onze Taaltuin, 4 (1935-1936), 257-268.
Detailed [...] study of [...] "Den blok sleepen" [...]. (no. 579)
Jan Grauls: Uit de spreekworden van Pieter
Bruegel. Een oude zegswijze en een oud gebruik: 'Hij cust het rincxken vander
dueren'. Oonze Taaltuin, 4 (1935-1936), 353-362.
Explains [...] "Hij cust het rincxken van der deur" [...]. (no. 580)
Jan Grauls: Taalkundige toelichting bij het
hooi en den hooiwagen. Gentsche Bijdragen tot de Kunstgeschiedenis, 5 (1938),
156-177.
Detiled study [...] in particular the proverb "De werelt is een hooiberg,
elk plukt ervan wat hij kan krijgen" [...]. (no. 581)
Jan Grauls: Uit Bruegels spreekwoorden. Annuaire
des Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 2 (1939), 91-107.
Important comparative study of [...] "Elck poigt om zijne" [...]. (no. 582)
Jan Grauls: Ter verklaring van Bosch en Bruegel.
Gentsche Bijdragen tot de Kunstgeschiedenis, 6 (1939-1940), 139-160.
[...] Mention is also made again [...] of [...] Pieter Brueghel [...]. (no. 583)
Jan Grauls: Een vijftiendeeuws spreekwoordentapijt.
Artes Textiles, 3 (1956), 14-26.
Reports about a 15th century proverb tapestry [...] Grauls gives a detailed
analysis of each proverb scene and shows that almost all of them are also
represented in Pieter Brueghel's [...] Netherlandic Proverbs [...]. (no.
584)
Jan Grauls: Onderzoekingen op het gebied der
spreekworden. Handelingen van het XXIIe Vlaams Filologencongres. No editor
given. Leuven: De Vlaamsche Philologencongressen, 1957, 377-381.
General articel on illustrations of proverbs [...]. (no. 585)
Jan Grauls: Volkstaal en Volksleven in het
werk van Pieter Bruegel. Antwerpen: N.V. Standaard-Boekhandel, 1957.
The definitive work on Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) proverb
illustrations. There is a large chapter (pp. 77-117) on the proverbial
expressions illustrated in the Netherlandic Proverbs (1559), but there are
also eleven shorter chapters dealing with individual expressions. For the
large picture alone Grauls identifies 85 Dutch expressions and provides detailed
etymological, cultural and historical annotations. One chapter (pp. 153-159)
also concerns itself with one of the copies that Brueghel's son Pieter Brueghel
the Younger (1564-1637/38) made of his father's well-known picture. Each
chapter is an excellent philological, historical and comparative study, of
which some had been published entirely or in part earlier (it suffices to
list only the book here). With 22 important illustrations. (no. 586)
Jan Grauls: Uit de spreekwoorden van Pieter
Bruegel de Oude. De vleiers of gatkruipers van Pieter Brueghel de Jonge.
Wetenschappeijke Tijdingen, 18 (1958), 433-438.
Discusses a small round proverb picture by Pieter Brueghel the Younger
[...] who copied it from his father. The Dutch proverbial expression illustrated
is "Iemand in zijn gat kruipen" [...]. (no. 587)
Jan Grauls: Uit de spreekwoorden van Pieter
Bruegel de Oude. Wetenschappelijke Tijdingen, 19 (1959), 65-72.
Another study of a round proverb picture that Pieter Brueghel the Younger
[...] copied from his father [...] "Men zet geen nar op eieren [...]. (no. 588)
Jan Grauls: Een spreekwoordenbibliografie.
Volkskunde, 61 (1960), 71-76.
Basically a review of Otto Moll's Sprichwörterbibliographie [...]. (no. 589)
Jan Grauls: Het spreekwoordenschilderij van
Sebastiaan Vrancx. Bulletin des Musées Royaux des Baux-Arts de Bruxelles,
9 (1960), 107-164.
Excellent definitive study on the largest proverb picture of all by sebastian
Vrancx (1573-1647) [...] With a French summary and a French list of all the
202 expressions.. (no. 590)
Rainald Grosshans: Pieter Bruegel D.Ä.,
Die niederländischen Sprichwörter (1559). Berlin: Staatliche Museen
Preussischer Kulturbesitz, 1973.
A helpful pamphlet (5 pp.) concerning Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1502-1569)
famous oil painting Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) in the Berlin Art Museum.
Grosshans discusses the painter and the picture and lists 118 German proverbial
expressions with a numbered diagram of the picture. With 3 illustrations. (no. 613)
V. Hallut: L'Oeuvre de Peter Breughel au point
de vue folklorique et brabançon. Folklore Brabancon, 4 (1924), 31-36.
General discussion of folcloric themes in the paintings of Pieter Brueghel
[...] but the large oil painiting Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) is not
discussed. (no. 650)
Wilhelm Hausenstein: Der Bauern-Bruegel. 2nd
edition. München: R. Piper, 1920, 93-110.
A chapter dealing with folklore motifs in the paintings of Pieter Brueghel
(c. 1520-1569). Several of Brueghel's individual proverb pictures like The
Blind leading the Blind (1568) are mentioned, and so is the famous oil painting
Netherlandic Proverbs (1559). With 4 illustrations. (no. 685)
Gotthard Jedlicka: "Pieter Bruegel. Der Maler
in seiner Zeit". Erlenbach-Zürich u.a.: Eugen Rentsch, 1938.
Discusses the Twelve Round Proverb Picture (1558) and the large oil picture
Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) by Pieter Brueghel (c. 1520-1569). Especially
the latter picture is analyzed in some detail but without a list of the many
Dutch proverbial expressions. With 11 illustrations. (no. 790)
Claus Kreuzberg: Die 'Imker' Pieter Bruegels
des Älteren. Deutsches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde, 8 (1962), 98-121.
Analysis of Pieter Brueghel's [...] The Beekeeper [...]. (no. 918)
David Kunzle: Bruegel's Proverb Painting and
the World Upside Down. In: The Art Bulletin, 59, 1977, S.197-202.
An insightful interpretation of the meaning of Pieter Brueghel's (c.
1520-1569) celebrated Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) picture and also contrasting
it with the popular broadsheet from the 16th and 17th centuries known as
depicting the "World-upside-down". It is explained that unless the broadsheets
illustrate simply a kind of verbal nonsense, they posit social revolution.
Those satisfied with their lot will tend to regard "World-upside-down"
broadsheets as pure folly; the dissatisfied will see them as a vision of
hope and social change. With 3 illustrations. (no. 946)
David Kunzle: World Upside Down: The Iconography
of a European Broadsheet Type. In: Barbara A. Babcock (Hrsg.): The Reversible
World. Symbolic Inversion in Art and Society. Ithaka: Cornell University
Press, 1978, 39-94.
Excellent study of the history, form and social content of about 60 distinct
broadsheets spanning three centuries, from seven different countries, and
almost all of them carrying in the title the term "World-upside-down" or
its equivalent in other languages: Mundus Perversus, Mondo alla Rovescia,
Monde à l'envers, Mundo al Revès, Verkehrte Welt, Verkeerde
Wereld, etc. Kunzle discusses the character and range of the motifs, animal-human
inversions, the roots of these broadsheets in ancient adynata and medieval
drôlerie and their political background (Reformation and Peasants'
Revolt). But there is a large section on the relationship of these broadsheets
to proverb pictures by Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450-1516) and Pieter Brueghel
(c. 1520-1569), and the literary use of the "World-upside-down" motif is
also studied in the works of Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen (c.
1622-1676) and in English chapbooks. An important bibliography (pp. 90-94)
is included and so are 14 illustrations. (no. 947)
Kurt Kusenberg: Brueghels Sprichwörter.
Kunstwerk, 3 (1949), 12-14.
Short interpretation of Pieter Brueghel's (v. 1520-1569) oil painting
called Netherlandic Proverbs (1559). A few proverbial expressions are explained,
but there is no list of all of them. With 1 illustration. (no. 949)
Jaques Lavalleye: Pieter Bruegel the Elder
and Lucas van Leyden. The Complete Engravings, Etchings, and Woodcuts. New
York: Harry N. Abrams, 1967, 151-162.
Short introduction of Pieter Brueghel's [...] Twelve Round Proverb Pictures
[...]. (no. 1019)
Louis Lebeer: Het hooi en de hooiwagen in
de beelende kunsten. Gentsche Bijdragen tot de Kunstgeschiedenis, 5 (1938),
141-155.
Treats hay and hay-wain [...] Leeber also discusses [...] Pieter Brueghel
[...] who all used this proverbial motif [...]. (no. 1024)
Louis Lebeer: "De blauwe huyck". In: Gentsche
Bijdragen tot de Kunstgeschiedenis, 6 (1939-1940), 161-229.
Superb article on various Dutch proverb paintings and engravings which
belong to the popular motif of the "De blauwe huyck" (The Blue Cloak) or
"verkeerde wereld" (The World-upside down). Lebeer starts with a discussion
of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) famous Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) picture
and then he discusses a 15th-century proverb tapestry and the proverb
illustrations by such artists as Franz Hogenberg (1540-1590?), Johannes van
Doetinchem (1600-1676) and less-known painters. He also presents a comparative
table of the stock of 94 Dutch proverbial expressions that are illustrated
in these paintings and prints, and many explanations are also provided. With
20 valuable illustrations and with a French summary. (no. 1025)
Louis Lebeer: Nog enkele wetenswaardigheden
in verband met Pieter Bruegel den Oude. Gentsche Bijdragen tot de
Kunstgeschiedenis, 9 (1943), 217-236.
Discusses folkloric motifs in the paintings of Pieter Brueghel [...] Lebeer
deals in particular with the Dutch expression "Den duivel op een kussen binden"
[...]. (no. 1026)
Louis Maeterlinck: Nederlandsche Spreekworden
handelend voorgesteld door Pieter Breughel de Oude. Gent: A. Siffer, 1903.
Important short monograph (28pp.) on one of the copies of Pieter Brueghel's
(c. 1520-1569) famous Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) picture by his son Pieter
Brueghel the Younger (1564-1637/38). Maeterlinck analyzes the proverbial
content of the picture which is located in the Haarlem Art Museum in Holland.
With 2 illustrations. (no. 1135)
Roger-H. Marijnissen: Bruegel. Brussels: Arcade,
1969, 81-90.
Presents an introduction to Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) oil painting
entitled Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) and then lists 85 proverbial expressions
in Dutch with French translations and explanations. With several illustrations
on pp. 120-133. (no. 1143)
Georges Marlier: Pierre Brueghel le Jeune.
Bruxelles: Robert Finck, 1969.
Very important book on the proverb pictures by Pieter Brueghel the Younger
(1564-1637/38). There are three good sections on various pictures illustrating
the proverb "The Blind leading the blind" (pp. 111-116, 360-363 and 433-435;
with 6 illustrations) showing the influence that Pieter Brueghel the Elder
(c. 1520-1569) had on his son. But the most exciting part of this book is
a superb analysis of the oil painting Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) by Pieter
Brueghel the Elder and the 16 copies of it, several of which are attributed
to the younger Brueghel. Marlier identifies 132 Dutch proverbial expressions
in one of the copies and provides French translations and short explanations.
He then discusses the entire painting in great detail and also includes an
analysis of round proverb pictures executed by both Brueghels (pp. 120-168).
45 illustrations add to the value of this significant book. (no. 1146)
Maurits de Meyer: Een spreekwoordenprent van
J.C. Jegher, Antwerpen 1618-1666. Volkskunde, 69 (1968), 89-102.
Detailed discussion of a print of 28 proverbial expressions by Jan Christoffel
Jegher (1618-1666) [...]. (no. 1212)
Maurits de Meyer: Sources iconographiques
inexplorées de proverbes et dictions des siècle passés.
Proverbium, 14 (1969), 396-398.
Important paper pointing out that much work remains to be done concerning
proverb illustrations [...] Meyer refers to [...] Netherlandic Proverbs
[...]. (no. 1213)
Maurits de Meyer: 'De Blauwe Huyck' van Jan
van Doetinchem, 1577. Volkskunde, 71 (1970), 334-343.
In French translation published as "De Blauwe Huyck", La Cape Bleue de Jean
van Doetinchem, datée 1577. Proverbium, 16 (1971), 564-575.
Studies an engraving from 1577 by the Dutch artist Jan van Doetinchem
(16th century) entitled De Blauwe Huyck that illustrates 88 proverbs and
proverbial expressions and provides French, English and German parallels
wherever possible. He also includes references to Pieter Brueghel (c. 1520-1569).
With 4 illustrations. (no. 1214)
Wolfgang Mieder: Bibliographischer Abriss
zur bildlichen Darstellung von Sprichwörtern und Redensarten. In: Irmgard
Hampp und Peter Assion (Hrsg.): Forschungen und Berichte zur Volkskunde in
Baden-Württemberg, 1974-1977. Stuttgart: Müller & Gräff,
1977. III, 229-239.
Review article of the pictorial representation of proverbs and proverbial
expressions from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. In his survey of art
and proverbs Mieder discusses 9 aspects: (1) general articles on proverb
illustrations, (2) proverb pictures by individual artists, namely Pieter
Brueghel the Elder (c. 1520-1569), Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1564-1637/38),
Sebastian Vrancx (1573-1647), Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450-1516), Jacob Jordaens
(1593-1678) and Francisco de Goya (1746-1828), (3) proverb tapestry (15th
century), (4) proverb prints of the type "De Blauwe Huyck" (The Blue Cloak)
or "De verkeerde wereld" (The World-upside-down), (5) misericordes and
sculptures, (6) book illustrations from the Middle Ages through the Baroque,
(7) individual proverb pictures, (8) new proverb collections with illustrations,
and (9) proverbs and proverbial expressions in caricature and advertisements.
The following bibliography of 167 items without annotations is also divided
into these 9 sections. (no. 1250)
Wolfgang Mieder: Deutsche Sprichwörter
und Redensarten.
A collection of texts dealing with various aspects of German proverbs,
proverbial expressions and wellerisms. The 14 chapters include material on
definition problems, proverb collections from the 16th to the 19th centuries,
proverbs and their relation to legends, tall tales and fairy tales, proverbs
in fables, in the Bible, prose literature and lyrical poetry, proverb pictures
from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, proverbs in caricatures, advertisements
and headlines, modern questioning of proverbial wisdom, proverbial aphorisms
and proverb parodies. Some of the more important authors and artists included
are [...] Pieter Brueghel (c. 1520-1569) [...] Since this book is intended
for students there is also a large section of discussion questions (pp. 161-186),
and a detailed bibliography (pp. 194-199) of proverb bibliographies, collections
and scholarly books and articles is also included. With 34 illustrations. (no. 1268)
Oloph Odenius: Mundus inversus. Nagra inledande
bibliografiska anteckningar kring tre mellansvenska bildvarianter. Arv, 10
(1954), 143-170.
[...] There are also references to the proverb pictures by Pieter Brueghel
[...]. (no. 1369)
Eilert Pastor: Das deutsche Sprichwort. Die
Heimat, 20, nos. 1-2 (1941), 3-7.
General article on the German proverb dealing with its definition, form,
content and a claim that the German national character is reflected in these
proverbs. Pastor also includes a short discussion of weather and legal proverbs,
he surveys major German proverb collections and presents an analysis of Pieter
Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) proverb picture Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) for
which he lists 82 proverbial expressions. With 2 illustrations. (no.
1415)
K.C. Peeters: Jan Grauls en Pieter Bruegel.
Volkskunde, new series 17 (1958), 49-64.
Reviews the significant work by [...] Jan Grauls [...]. (no. 1421)
A. Pigler: Barockthemen. Eine Auswahl von
Verzeichnissen zur Ikonographie des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts. Budapest: Verlag
der Ungarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1956. II, 550 and 566-570.
[...] Proverbial works by such artists as [...] Pieter Brueghel the Elder
[...] Pieter Brueghel the Younger [...] are listed [...]. (no. 1457)
Leo van Puyvelde: Een onbekende schilderij
met vlaamsche spreuken. Isidoor Teirlinck Album. No editor given. Leuven:
De Vlaamsche Drukkerij, 1931, 293-299.
First reference to a large proverb picture by Sebastian Vrancx [...] Puyvelde
explains that this picture is related to the Netherlandic Proverbs [...]
He identifies 92 Dutch proverbial expressions [...]. (no. 1486)
Franz Roh: Pieter Bruegel d. Ä. Die
niederländischen Sprichwörter. Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam, 1969
(2nd edition, 1967).
An important analysis (31 pp.) of the famous oil painting entitled
Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) by Pieter Brueghel (c. 1520-1569). Roh discusses
the influence of Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450-1516) on Brueghel, he gives a
short survey of proverb pictures, and he analyzes the form and the theme
of Brueghel's picture. Altogether Roh identifies 92 proverbial expressions
in German. He also includes sections on the culture of the 16th century,
the life of Pieter Brueghel and an evaluation of Brueghel's artistic
accomplishments. A short bibliography (p. 31) is provided and so are 14
illustrations of the proverb picture. (no. 1569)
Lutz Röhrich: Sprichwörtliche
Redensarten in bildlichen Zeugnissen. Bayerisches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde,
no volume given (1959), 67-97. Also in: Ergebnisse der
Sprichwörterforschung. Ed.: Wolfgang Mieder. Bern: Peter Lang, 1978,
78-107.
[...] he gives a detailed analysis of [...] Netherlandic proverbs [...]. (no. 1570)
Maurits Sabbe: Pieter Bruegel en de folklore.
Volkskunde, 21 (1910), 93-95.
Small paper concerning the folkloric motifs in the paintings of Pieter
Brueghel (c. 1520-1569) with some references to his proverb illustrations.
Sabbe does not mention Brueghel's famous oil painting Netherlandic Proverbs
(1559). (no. 1611)
Samuel Singer: Viel Geschrei und wenig Wolle.
Nachtrag. Schweizerisches Archiv für Volkskunde, 41 (1944), 159-160.
[...] Reference is also made to [...] Netherlandic proverbs [...]. (no. 1743)
Ella S. Siple: A 'Flemish Proverb' Tapestry
in Boston. Burlington Magazine, 63 (1933), 29-35.
Important short paper on a 15th-century Flemish proverb tapestry that
is kept in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. Siple gives a detailed
analysis of the 11 proverb scenes on the tapestry and also explains that
some of these scenes are repeated by Pieter Brueghel (c. 1520-1569) in his
Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) and also in his Twelve Round Proverb Pictures
from 1558. With 3 illustrations and explanations of the proverbial expressions
illustrated. (no. 1745)
Wolfgang Stechow: Netherlandish Proverbs.
In: W. Stechow: Pieter Bruegel the Elder. NewYork: Harry N. Abrams, 1968,
60-63.
A short analysis of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) painting Netherlandic
Proverbs (1559) with references to another picture of proverbial expressions
entitled The Blue Cloak (1558) by Franz Hogenberg (1540?-c. 1592). With 3
illustrations. (no. 1800)
Carl Gustaf Stridbeck: Die verkehrte Welt.
In: C.G. Stridbeck. Bruegelstudien. Untersuchungen zu den ikonologischen
Problemen bei Pieter Bruegel d. Ä. sowie dessen Beziehung zum
niederländischen Romanismus. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1956,
171-206.
In this chapter Stridbeck discusses the important proverbial motif of
"Die verkehrte Welt" (The World-upside-down) in the art work of Pieter Brueghel
(c. 1520-1569). He reviews the use of proverbial expressions as social satire
in the literature of the 16th century and also in broadsheets from a time
prior to and after Brueghel. He especially includes a detailed interpretation
of Brueghel's oil painting Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) and its relationship
to the so-called "De blauwe Huyck" (The Blue Cloak) proverb prints of the
time (pp. 172-184). The entire picture is seen as a social satire that receives
its potency through the illustrations of proverbial expressions which stress
the reversal of social order. The detailed footnotes (pp. 339-348) contain
valuable bibliographical references, but there are no illustrations. (no. 1824)
Archer Taylor: Proverbial Phrases not Proverbs,
in Breughel's Painting. In: Proverbium, 3 (1965), S.57.
A minute but significant note drawing attention to the fact that Pieter
Brueghel (c. 1520-1569) in his painting Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) depicts
only proverbial expressions and not bona fide proverbs. (no. 1889)
Charles de Tolnay: Pierre Bruegel l'Ancien.
Bruxelles: Nouvelle Société d'Editions, 1935. Band 1: Texte;
Band 2: Drucke. (Besonders S. 23-27, 76-77, 89-90, 97).
Short statements concerning various proverb pictures by Pieter Brueghel
(c. 1520-1569), giving precise information concerning the location of the
pictures and also bibliographical references. The pictures discussed are
Netherlandic Proverbs (1559), The Bird-Nester (1568), The Blind Leading the
Blind (1658) and Twelve Round Proverb Pictures (1558). (no. 1958)
Walther Vanbeselaere: Pieter Bruegel en Hugo
van der Goes. Gentsche Bijdragen tot de Kustgeschiedenis, 10 (1944), 221-232.
Only the last three pages [...] deal with Pieter Brueghel [...] Vanbeselaere
gives a short analysis of [...] The Bird nest [...]. (no. 1991)
Jos Vermeulen: Een onopgemerkt 'spreekwoord'
van Bruegel. Oostvlaamsche Zanten, 14 (1939), 76-77.
Short note on one of the many proverbial expressions [...] in [...]
Netherlandic Proverbs [...] "Dat is de verkeerde wereld" [...]. (no.
1998)
J.B. Vervliet: Volkswijsheid in Beeld en Schrift.
Ons Volksleven, 5 (1893), 141-145, 161-166, 181-184 und 201-204.
Analyzes a Dutch proverb picture of the type "De blauwe huyck" (The Blue
Cloak) from the beginning of the 17th century. The print which most likely
was not made by Lodcwyk Josef Fruytiers (1713-1782) contains illustrations
of 80 proverbs and proverbial expressions. Vervliet cites all of them in
French and Dutch and also provides Dutch explanations concerning their meaning.
He also includes references to Pieter Brueghel (c. 1520-1569) and other pictures
of this type or broadsheets centering around "De verkeerde wereld" (The
World-upside-down) motif. It is made clear that all of these illustrations
contain many of the same proverbial expressions (see also no. 1025). No illustrations are included. (no. 1999)
Franz Weinitz: Die "Niederländischen
Sprichwörter" des Pieter Bruegel des Älteren im Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum
zu Berlin. In: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde, 25 (1915), 292-299.
One of the early investigations by a folklorist of Pieter Brueghel's
(c. 1520-1569) painting Netherlandic Proverbs (1559). Weinitz discusses the
satirical nature of the picture and analyzes a number of obscure proverbial
expressions illustrated in it. He also refers to Brueghel's Twelve Round
Proverb Pictures (1558). Another folklorist, Johannes Bolte (see no. 184), has added a list of 73 Dutch proverbial expressions
with German translations, which are illustrated in the picture. Bolte even
adds a list of 71 French proverbial expressions with Dutch parallels which
he found illustrated in an anonymous engraving from around 1570. With 1
illustration. (no. 2041)
Horst Weinstock: Die Funktion elisabethanischer
Sprichwörter und Pseudosprichwörter bei Shakespeare. Heidelberg:
Carl Winter, 1966.
One of the best literary proverb studies and definitely a model to follow
[...] There is even a section on [...] Netherlandic proverbs [...]. (no.
2042)
Josef Weyns: Enkele volkskundige aantekeningen
bij het Lierse spreekwoordenschilderij. Land van Ryen, 14 (1964), 148-154.
An investigation of a copy of [...] Netherlandic Proverbs [...] in the
Museum of Lier in Belgium [...]. (no. 2058)
Franzsepp Würtenberger: Die
Sprichwörter-Tafel. In: F. Würtenberger: Pieter Bruegel d.Ä.
und die deutsche Kunst. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1957, 84-94.
Valuable study of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) well-known proverb
picture Netherlandic Proverbs (1559). Würtenberger discusses the partiality
toward proverbs during the 16th century and gives a short historical and
critical analysis of Brueghel's picture. He also mentions proverb pictures,
prints and broadsheets by Hieronymus Bosch (1450?-1516), Albrecht Altdorfer
(c. 1480-1538), Hans Sebald Beham (1500-1550) and a few other minor Dutch
and German artists. With 2 illustrations. (no. 2116)
Gisela Zick: Der zerbrochene Krug als Bildmotiv
des 18. Jahrhunderts. Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch, 31 (1969), 149-204.
Superb monograph [...] studies the appearence of the proverb in [...]
Netherlandic proverbs [...]. (no. 2136)
Manfred Bambeck: 'Die grossen Fische fressen
die kleinen': Bemerkungen zu einem patristischen Traditionshintergrund für
Hieronymus Bosch und Pieter Bruegel d. Ä. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen,
82 (1981), 262-268.
Realizing that [...] Pieter Brueghel [...] included visual representations
of the international proverb "Die grossen Fische fressen die kleinen"
[...]. (no. 2183)
P. Beck: Als de blende tzwijn sloughen.
Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde, 63 (1944), 82-86.
Starting with a reference to [...] The blind leading the blind [...]. (no. 2200)
Marie Theres Bergenthal: Verkehrte
Welt-Sprichwörter. In: M. Bergenthal: Elemente der Drolerie und ihre
Beziehung zur Literatur. Berlin: Hohmann, 1934, 146-158.
Significant chapter on proverbial drolleries [...] artists like [...]
Pieter Brueghel [...] are mentioned [...]. (no. 2206)
Alan Dundes & Claudia A. Stibbe:
The Art of Mixing Metaphors. A Folkloristic Interpretation of the "Netherlandish
Proverbs" by Pieter Bruegel the Elder. FF Communications No. 230, Helsinki
: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1981.
A superb folkloristic interpretation of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569)
famous oil painting The Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) which is exhibited in
the Berlin art museum. Dundes and Stibbe start their monograph with a short
introduction (pp. 7-13) presenting a survey of artistic proverb illustrations
and the scholarship by art historians and paremiologists on them. Then follow
115 individual essays each explaining the origin, history and meaning of
a proverbial expression (only a few of the 115 illustrated texts are in fact
proverbs). Etymological, linguistic, cultural and psychological explanations
are included. Together these 115 interpretative essays represent a milestone
in paremiological and folkloric research. A short conclusion (pp. 66-69)
summarizes this intriguing Freudian interpretation of the most significant
proverb picture. A valuable selected bibliography (pp. 70-71) and five excellent
color plates are included. Three of them are illustrations of copies that
Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1564-1637/38) made on his father's picture.
See especially also the books on this picture by Wilhelm Fraenger
(no. 460), Jan Grauls (no. 586)
and Franz Roh (no. 1569). (no. 2332)
Jaqueline Folie: Pierre Brueghel [sic] le
Jeune. In: Bruegel. Une dynastie de peintres. Ed.: Robert de Smet. Bruxelles:
Europalia, 1980, S. 137-164.
An excellent treatise of the picture of Pieter Brueghel the Younger
(1564-1637/38) of which many illustrate Dutch proverbs and proverbial
expressions. Folie comments on his nine round proverb pictures, one of his
copies of his father's famous picture The Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) dated
1607 (see pp. 148-149), his artistic rendering of the proverb "The blind
leading the blind", and a number of other paintings based on proverbial motifs.
His relationship to the proverb illustrations by Pieter Brueghel the Elder
(1520?-1569) is also discussed. With 6 illustrations. (no. 2376)
Walter S. Gibson: The Theatre of the World.
In: W. Gibson: Bruegel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977, S. 65-89.
In this chapter of his book on Pieter Brueghel (1520?-1569) Gibson
investigates the tradition of proverb illustrations from the Middle Ages
through the 16th century. He comments on proverbial illustrations in the
margins of illuminated manuscripts, and he then shows in particular that
Brueghel's well-known Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) painting had a precursor
in Franz Hogenberg's (1540?-1592?) etching illustrating proverbial expressions
and being called The Blue Cloak (1558, in Dutch De Blauwe Huyck). The author
interprets the meaning of these pictures and refers to the fact that they
must be seen in connection with such proverb collections as Erasmus of
Rotterdam's (1469-1536) Adagia (1500ff.) and literaly proverb amassing as
the one in Francois Rabelais's (1494-1663) novel Gargantua and Pantagruel
(1532/34). Gibson also mentions an anonymous Flemish engraving entitled Peasant
Village with Proverbs on Sloth (c. 1550) as a possible influence on Brueghel.
With 13 illustrations. (no. 2402)
Jan Grauls: De spreekwoorden van Pieter Bruegel
den Oude (1527 [sic]-1569) verklaard. Antwerpen: Gevaert, 1937. Also in English
as: The Proverbs of Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1527 [sic] -1569) Explained.
Translated by Rob. Roemans and Hilda van Assche. Antwerpen: Gevaert, 1938,
11pp.
A small pamphlet by the leading Dutch art historian and folklorist Jan
Grauls in which he lists 84 proverbs and proverbial expressions that he
identified in Pieter Brueghel's (1520?-1569) oil painting Netherlandic Proverbs
(1559). For each expression he includes etymological, historical and cultural
explanations. He also cites Dutch variants. The English translation of the
pamphlet lists 85 identified expressions. Both editions were meant as a folkloric
guide to this famous painting, and they each include a reproduction of the
picture in which the illustrated expressions are numbered for easy reference.
See also the many other publications on Brueghel's proverb picture by Grauls
(nos. 578-590). (no. 2419)
Jan Grauls: De huik naar de wind hangen. De
Belleman, Orgaan van het Davidsfonds, 26, no. 1 (1957), 12-14.
A short note [...] He also refers to [...] Netherlandic Proverbs [...]. (no. 2420)
Jan Grauls: Uit de spreekwoordenschilderij
van Pieter Brueghel de Jonge: 'Wilde beeren die zijn bij den ander gheeren.
't Land van Ryen, 7 (1957), 26-31.
Referring to one of the copies [...] Grauls attemps to explain the [...]
scene of two dancing bears [...]. (no. 2421)
A. J. Bernet Kempers: Randversieringen van
de Meester van Katharina van Kleef, volkskunde langs de kantlijn. Bijdragen
van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkskunde, "Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum," 30,
no.2 (1967), 25-47.
A very detailed investigation of the folkloric motifs on ornamental border
illustrations [...] and there are specific references to [...] Nertherlandic
proverbs [...]. (no. 2516)
Margret Klinge: David Teniers II. Introduction
aux tableaux. In: Robert de Smet (Ed.): Bruegel. Une dynastie de peintres.
Bruxelles: Europalia, 1980, 251-291.
[...] The oil picture [...] was definitely influenced by [...] Netherlandic
proverbs [...]. (no. 2532)
Claus Kreuzberg: Zur Seesturm-Allegorie Bruegels.
Zwischen Kunstgeschichte und Volkskunde. Festschrift für Wilhelm Fraenger.
Ed. Reinhard Peesch. Berlin: akademie-Verlag, 1960, 33-49.
This is a fascinating study of [...] The Storm at Sea [...]. (no.
2556)
Kenneth C. Lindsay and Bernard Huppé: Meaning
and Method in Brueghel's Painting. In: Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism,
14 (1955), 376-386.
Based on interpretative comments on about five major pictures by Pieter
Brueghel (1520?-1569), the authors claim that their vividness frequently
conceals a puzzling center of meaning. In the case of Brueghel's famous oil
painting Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) its other title "De verkeerde wereld"
(World-upside-down, le monde renversé, die verkehrte Welt) is of some
help to understand the intent of the artist since it emphasizes the fact
that the picture illustrates in a composite fashion the perversity of the
world seen through many individual scenes of human folly. Brueghel's iconographic
method is understood to be one that leads the viewer from individual allegorical
scenes of proverbial expressions towards a better understanding of the human
comedy on earth. With 1 illustration. (no. 2602)
Louis Maeterlinck: Le genre satirique dans
la peinture flamande. Paris: Librairie Dorbon, 1903, 372pp.
This important book an Flemish satirical paintings [...] "La bataille
pour le culottes" from Pieter Brueghel [...] "The blind leading the blind"
[...]. (no. 2615)
Lady Victoria Manners: "Notes on the Pictures at
Belvoir Castle.", The Connoisseur, 6 (21; May 1903), S.67-74 und (23; July
1903), S.131-137.
[...] In fact, Manners reports on a fascinating oil picture by David Teniers
(1610-1690) entitled Dutch Proverbs (1646/47). In the picture Teniers has
illustrated 45 Dutch proverbial expressions, and there is no doubt that his
picture was influenced by Pieter Brueghel's (1520?-1569) famous picture
Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) [...]. (no. 2616)
Hélène Mund: Contribution à
l'étude de Pierre Breughel le Jeune: Une version inconnue de ses
'Proverbes flamands'. Revue des archéologues et historiens d'art de
Louvain, 9 (1976), 157-169.
A valuable article on one of the copies which Pieter Brueghel the Younger
(1564-1637/38) made of Pieter Brueghel's (1520?-1569) famous oil picture
Netherlandic Proverbs (1559). Mund refers to this original painting which
is on display in the art museum of Berlin and also to two other copies that
Brueghel's son had made which presently are to be found in museums in Lier
(painted on wood) and Haarlem (painted on canvas). The canvas oil picture
discussed here is located in Brussels and measures 112x159 cm, making it
a bit smaller than the original painted on wood (117x163 cm). The author
interprets the picture in general and provides a French list of 88 Dutch
expressions illustrated in the picture. With 5 illustrations. See also G.P.C.
van Breugel (no. 207), A. Cornette (no. 305), Louis Maeterlinck (no. 1135), Georges Marlier (no. 1146), Josef Weyns (no. 2058), and Jaqueline Folie (no. 2376). (no. 2670)
Rob Roemans and Hilda van Assche: Jan
Grauls' Bibliographie. Hasselt: Heideland, 1967, 118pp.
[...] In over 1,000 publications [...]. (no. 2791)
Barbara Schulz: Contribution à la
sémiologie du discours proverbial: texte littéraire - texte
pictural: Villon et Breughel. Strumenti Critici: Rivista Quadrimestrale de
Cultura et Critica Letteraria, 15 (1981), 359-377.
[...] starts with a detailed analysis of [...] Netherlandic Proverbs
[...]. (no. 2842)
P. Wescher: Holländische Holzschnitte
zur Zeit Lukas van Leiden, I und II. In: Oud Holland, 51 (1934), 60-65 und
104-107.
A two-part essay on Dutch woodcuts from the time of Lucas van Leyden
(1494-1533). In the second part Wescher discusses a series of 8 proverb pictures
by Cornerlius Theunissen (16th century) which are located in the
Rijksprentenkabinet in Amsterdam. The woodcuts date from about 1527 and are
some of the earliest Dutch illustrations of proverbs. They might be considered
precursors to the more involved proverb pictures by Pieter Brueghel (1520?-1569).
The author cites the eight proverbs and includes short descriptions of the
artistic representations. With 1 illustration and an English abstraact
(p.107). (no. 3002)
Armin Binotto: Sprichwörter und Redensarten
im Unterricht. Hitzkirch: Comenius-Verlag. 1983, 56pp.
[...] proverbs in art (Pieter Brueghel [...]) [...]. (no. 3135)
Margaret D. Carroll: Peasant Festivity and
Political Identity in the Sixteenth Century. Art History, 10, no. 3 (1987),
289-314.
[...] She also explains how [...] Pieter Brueghel [..] used the proverbial
theme of feasting and drunkenness [...]. (no. 3225)
Edward Colless: Jacky Redgate: Tradition.
Creative Camera, 11 (1988), 18-22.
The article reports on a photographic series by the artist Jacky Redgate
(19?-) entitled Naar het Schilder-Boeck (1985). In these photographs Redgate
restages Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) illustrations of a number of Dutch
proverbs in images derived from his famous painting variously known in English
as The Blue Cloak or The World Upside Down or The Netherlandic Proverbs (1559).
Colless explains that the camera artist has made considerable alterations
in her modern pictures of Brueghel's depiction of traditional proverbs. It
is argued that these differences are crucial not as demonstrations of
photographic codification, nor as ironic commentaries on the source material,
but rather for the change of meaning which causes the proverbial utterance
to drift away from its didactic motivation. The photographs discussed in
this article concern the following four proverbs and proverbial expressions:
"Big fish eat little fish", "The world turns on someone's thumb", "To fill
in the ditch after the calf has drowned", and "To swim against the stream".
With 4 photographs. (no. 3251)
Ernst Robert Curtius: Verkehrte Welt. In E.R.
Curtius: Europäische Literatrur und lateinisches Mittelalter. Bern:
Francke, 1948 (3rd ed. 1961), 104-108.
[...] He also refers to [...] Netherlandic Proverbs [...]. (no. 3274)
Max Friedländer: Pieter Bruegel. Berlin:
Propyläen Verlag, 1921.
This book is to this days one of the standard studies of Pieter Brueghel
(c. 1520-1569). Friedländer includes a discussion of three of Brueghel's
well-known pictures illustrating proverbs and proverbial expressions: Big
Fish Eat Little Fish (1557), Netherlandic Proverbs (1559), and The Blind
Leading the Blind (1568). The author names the museums in which these pictures
can be found, and he includes artistic and interpretative comments. With
three plates (nos. 32, 44, and 49). See also Wilhelm Fraenger (no. 460), Jan Grauls (no. 586),
Alan Dundes and Claudia Stibbe (no. 2332), etc. (no. 3456)
Max Friedländer: Pieter Bruegel. Leyden:
A.W. Sijthoff, 1976.
This English translation of Friedländer's work on Pieter Brughel
(c. 1520-1569) includes comments on two of his proverb pictures, this time
Twelve Round Proverb Pictures (1558) ane Netherlandic Proverbs (1559). Again
Friedländer includes information on the museums as well as some short
comments on the artistic value and meaning of these pictures. With four plates
(nos. 8-9 and 14-15). For the round proverb picture see especially Jozef
de Coo (no. 299). (no. 3457)
Walter S. Gibson: Brueghel, Dulle Griet, and
Sexist Politics in the Sixteenth Century. In: Otto von Simson und Matthias
Winner (Hrsg.): Pieter Bruegel und seine Welt. Berlin: Gebrüder Mann,
1979, 9-15.
An intriguing interpretation of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) picture
Dulle Griet (1560/64) that includes detailed comments on earlier attemps
by art historians and folklorists to understand its metaphorical message
[...]. (no. 3479)
J.B.F. van Gils: Een andere kijk op Pieter
Bruegel den Ouden. 2 vols. 's-Gravenhage: "Humanitas", 1940. I, 98 pp.; II,
203pp.
This is indeed "een andere kijk" [...] there is a special section in volume
one (pp. 1-52) on [...] Netherlandic Proverbs [...]. (no. 3483)
Peter Hecht: The Debate on Symbol and Meaning
in Dutch Seventeenth-Century Art: An Appeal to Common Sense. Simiolus, 16
(1986), 173-187.
[...] Hecht refers in particular to the motif of two people pulling on
the same pretzel [...] that can be found in [...] Netherlandic proverbs
[...]. (no. 3576)
Malcolm Jones: Folklore Motifs in Late Medieval
Art I: Proverbial Follies and Impossibilities. Folklore (London), 100, no.
2 (1989), 201-217.
[...] Jones comments on [...] Netherlandic proverbs [...]. (no. 3648)
Malcolm Jones: The Depiction of Proverbs in
Late Medieval Art. In Gertrud Gréciano (Ed.): Europhras 88. Strasbourg:
Université des Sciences Humaines, 1989, 205-223.
[...] The first section treats the illustration of multiple proverbs
[...] and on [...] Netherlandic Proverbs [...]. (no. 3649)
János Kass & András Lukácsy: Id. Pieter Bruegel. "Flamand közmondások".
Budapest: Corvina Kiadó, 1985. 40pp.
This is an introductory study of Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) celebrated
oil painting Netherlandic Proverbs (1559) for Hungarian readers. The two
authors present a short introduction in which they talk about the general
meaning of this picture based on over 100 Dutch proverbial expressions. They
then publish the entire painting together with 18 full-page illustrations
of certain scenes. For each of these details they include one page of
philological, cultural, and historical explanations. The Dutch expressions
are cited only in Hungarian translation, but the authors do include Hungarian
equivalents wherever possible. With 19 colorful illustrations. For more detailed
studies of this picture see Wilhelm Fraenger (no. 460), Jan Grauls (no. 586),
Alan Dundes and Claudia Stibbe (no. 2332). (no.
3665)
Arthur Klein: Graphic Worlds of Peter [sic]
Bruegel the Elder. New York: Dover Publications, 1963 (esp. pp. 137-143).
Klein includes and comment on [...] Big fish eat little fish [...] The
Ass at School [...]. (no. 3690)
Wolfgang Mieder: History and Interpretation
of a Proverb about Human Nature: 'Big Fish Eat Little Fish'. In W. Mieder:
Tradition and Innovation in Folk Literatur. Hanover / New Hampshire: University
Press of New England, 1987, 178-228 and 259-268 (notes).
[...] The chapter includes a section [...] on iconographic history of
the proverb [...]. (no. 3898)
Wolfgang Mieder: The Proverb in the Modern
Age: Old Wisdom in New Clothing. In W. Mieder: Tradition and Innovation in
Folk Literatur. Hanover / New Hampshire: University Press of New England,
1987, 118-156 and 248-255 (notes).
[...] The first part deals with proverb illustrations [...]. (no.
3902)
Wolfgang Mieder: 'Die großen Fische
fressen die kleinen'. Geschichte und Bedeutung eines Sprichwortes über
die menschliche Natur. Muttersprache, 98 (1988), 1-37.
[...] the author surveys the iconographic history of the proverb [...]. (no. 3904)
Louise Shona Milne: Dreams and Popular Beliefs
in the Imagery of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, c.1528-1569. Diss. Boston University,
1990, 635pp.
This is a fascinating dissertation on the iconographic representation
of dreams and popular beliefs in many pictures by Pieter Brueghel [...] She
analyses [...] Netherlandic Proverbs [...]. (no. 3961)
Timothy C. Nelson: Die verkehrte Welt. In:
Christine Palm (Ed.): Europhras 90. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis,
1991, 155-161.
Nelson comments shortly on [...] Netherlandic Proverbs [...]. (no.
4019)
Walter Pape: Zwischen Sprachspiel und
Sprachkritik. Zum literarischen Spiel mit der wörtlichen Bedeutung von
Idiomen. Sprache und Literatur in Wissenschaft und Unterricht, 16, no. 56
(1985), 2-13.
[...] He mentions [...] Pieter Brueghel [...]. (no. 4113)
Anna Brigitta Rooth: Some Symbols in Bosch's
Paintings. Annales Societatis Litterarum Humaniorum Regiae Upsaliensis, no
volume given (1986), 33-68.
[...] she also provides references to Pieter Brueghel [...]. (no.
4271)
Elke M. Schutt-Kehm: Die Frage nach etwa im
Gemälde verborgenen Sprichwörtern. In: E. Schutt-Kehm: "Pieter
Bruegels d. Ä. 'Kampf des Karnevals gegen die Fasten' als Quelle
volkskundlicher Forschung. Bern: Peter Lang, 1983, 132-134.
The entire book represents a detailed investigation of folklore references
in Pieter Brueghel's (c. 1520-1569) picture The Fight Between Carnival and
Lent (1559). The author studies the compositional, formal, and cultural aspects
of the many scenes of this picture, and in one small section (pp. 132-134)
she also attempts to isolate a few proverbial expressions depicted by the
artist. For each expression Schutt-Kehm gives the Dutch text with a German
translation and explains their cultural significance as well as their meaning
in the picture. A helpful bibliography (pp. 179-187) on the relationship
of folklore and art is attached, and there are also 30 illustrations dealing
with carnival and lent that are of much interest. (no. 4353)
Sarah Stanbury Smith: 'Game in Myn Hood':
The Tradition of a Comic Proverb. Studies in Iconography, 9 (1983), 1-12.
[...] A section on [...] "To put a blue cloak on someone" [...] is included
as well [...]. (no. 4398)
Margaret Sullivan: Bruegel's Proverbs: Art
and Audience in the Northern Renaissance. The Art Bulletin, 73, no. 3 (1991),
431-466.
This is a superb study of the interrelation of art and proverbs by an
art historian [...]. (no. 4447)
Jetske Sybesma: The Reception of Bruegel's
Beekeepers. A Matter of Choice. The Art Bulletin, 73, no. 3 (1991), 467-478.
This is a detailed interpretation of [...] The Beekeepers (1567/68)
which illustrates the Dutch proverb "Dye den nest weet dye weeten / dyen
roft dye heeten" [...]. (no. 4453)
Gerd Unverfehrt: Christliches Exempel und
profane Allegorie. Zum Verhältnis von Wort und Bild in der Graphik der
Boschnachfole. In: Herman Vekeman & Justus Müller Hofstede: Wort
und Bild in der niederländischen Kunst und Literatur des 16. und 17.
Jahrhunderts. Erfstadt: Lukassen, 1984, 221-241.
[...] he then interprets [...] Big Fish Eat Little Fish [...]. (no.
4488)
Gerd Unverfehrt: 'Große Fische fressen
die kleinen'. Zu Entstehung und Gebrauch eines satirischen Motivs. In Gerhard
Lamgemaeyer et al: Bild als Waffe. Mittel und Motive der Karikatur in fünf
Jahrhunderten. München: Prestel, 1984, 268-270 und 402-414.
[...] There is also [...] Big Fish Eat Little Fish [...]. (no. 4489)
Paul Vandenbroeck: Dits illustrés et
emblèmes moreaux. Contribution à l'étude de l'iconographie
profane et de la pensée sociale vers 1500 (Paris, B.N., ms. fr. 24461).
Jaarboek van het koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten (Antwerpen), no volume
given (1988), 23-94.
[...] Bosch [...] and later Pieter Brueghel [...] belong to this iconographic
tradition [...]. (no. 4496)
Paul Wescher: Die 'Verkehrte Welt' im Bild.
Ihre Geschichte und Bedeutung. In: P. Weber: Gesammelte Aufsätze zur
Kunst. (Ed. Frank Otten). Köln: Böhlau, 1979, 3-33.
This is a major study on the iconographical history of the proverbial
motif of "Die verkehrte Welt" (World-upside-down). Wescher begins with depictions
of animals acting as humans from ancient Mesopotamia, and he traces this
old motif all the way to medieval fables and to those of Jean de La Fontaine
(1621-1695). German, French, and Italian literary references are cited, but
the author studies in particular how such artist as Pieter Brueghel (c.
1520-1569), Cornelis Saftleven (1607-1681), David Teniers II (1610-1690),
Pier Leone Ghezzi (1674-1755), Francisco de Goya (1746-1828), and others
have illustrated this motif. Many of the illustrations contain references
to proverbs and proverbial expressions dealing with animals, especially fox,
wolf, ape, etc. Early woodcuts as illustrations of books are discussed as
an indicator of indirect political and social satire. The article is richly
illustrated by 33 pictures from early to modern times, and a useful bibliography
(pp. 32-33) is included as well. (no. 4551)
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